Thursday, May 21, 2020

Last Day of School!

Well, this is not the way any of us imagined the school year would end. I am sorry that we are not able to end the year together in person, but I appreciate all of your patience, perseverance, and productivity during this extremely challenging time. I have missed your smiling faces, inquisitive questions, and thoughtful class discussions.

Please take a few minutes and fill out this survey on the AP test, my instruction, and advice for future students. I genuinely appreciate your feedback.

Even though we cannot be together for one final speech, I still want to share with you a few final thoughts. Please humor me and read through my ramblings.

At the beginning of the year, I explained how this would be the most important class you take in your high school career (at least in my opinion). The things we learn in government are for more than just an AP test. Understanding constitutional principles like limited government, popular sovereignty, separation of powers, checks and balances are extremely important in reflecting on how our government should operate. Knowing your civil rights and civil liberties (and the difference between them) is fundamental for every citizen. The role of interest groups, political parties, and the media is apparent in government interactions. Now, more than ever, it is imperative for you to be able to think critically and act upon your political beliefs. Remember that in a republic, it is not only your right, but some would argue your responsibility, to participate in civic affairs.



We did participate in civic affairs this year with HB 1508. The pandemic made the legislative process even more difficult than it normally is, but our bill made it out of committee and was eventually attached as an amendment to a Senate omnibus education bill. For a couple of weeks, it looked like we might have a real shot of it being passed, but in the end there were too many other controversial education items in the omnibus bill, and it did not pass. However, we will use our momentum and reintroduce our bill in the next legislative session. Thank you for all of your hard work this year in moving the bill forward and reaching out to schools across the state. With the experience from this first attempt and the support of our legislators, the College Board, higher education, and most importantly students like you, I am confident that we will get it passed before you graduate. That would be an amazing accomplishment!

Finally, as all of you are aware, this is an election year. Many of you will be able to vote in the November election. This is an election of great consequence and every vote matters. Please come see me the first week of school and get registered to vote if you are not already registered. Even if you cannot vote in this year's election, remember to stop by my room and get registered once you are 17 and a half. I will also be providing campaign volunteer opportunities for my students, and if you are interested in getting involved in any of the races ranging from the president to local elections, let me know and I will share the contact information with you.



Thank you all for one of the most unusual teaching years that I have experienced. Between moving from class to class each hour in first semester and then having an abbreviated time with you second semester and the challenges of remote learning, it has been a year to remember. I wish we had more time together, but I am excited for all of you and your senior year. I hope you all have a wonderful summer. Stay safe and healthy. I'll see you in August!




Saturday, May 9, 2020

AP Exam: The Final 48 Hours

We are now approximately 48 hours away from the 2020 AP Exam! Check your email and make sure you have received your entry ticket for Monday's test. For those of you taking the exam, use this last weekend wisely and study like you have never studied before. I am posting a few more review items that I have found on the APGOV Facebook page that might be beneficial.



I posted this the other day, but in case you didn't see it, here are the instructions for taking the test on Monday. Remember, the test goes live at 3:00pm, but you will want to start getting ready and check in by 2:30pm.





This is an excellent document that consists of all of the required foundational documents, court cases, an explanation of how to best answer the two FRQ questions, and some important pieces of legislation. I would PRINT this document out and have handy as a reference if needed.

One teacher made some 1 pagers (for the most part) reference guides. Print out what you think you might want accessible.


How about some sample/practice FRQs? Familiarize yourself with the format and practice answering questions. The more you practice, the more prepared you will be!




Here's a slideshow that contains all of the College Board's Big Ideas, Essential Questions, and Objectives for all the units for AP Government. Remember this test will only cover units 1-3. This is a great way to review the concepts that you will be tested over. Think more big picture.






Want to go through a monster powerpoint? This slidedeck of over 100 slides covers all you need to know for units 1-3.





And finally, here are a few more videos on how to write the FRQ answers. The first three all address the Argumentative Essay while the last two cover the Concept Application and the different verbs you will see on the test. Make sure to watch the last one as it really is important to understand what is required based on the verb used. If you can't tell, I think this guy does a really good job explaining all of these concepts. Feel free to look at other videos on his YouTube page.













You Got This!

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

AP Exam Review: Unit 3 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights

Announcements:
5/4--5/8 Weekly Planner
AP Exam: Monday, May 11th @3:00pm

You should have received an email from the College Board yesterday (Monday) about how to take the AP exam. Go through this slide presentation to learn more about what you need to do both before the test and during the test day!




AP Exam 2020 Testing Guide: Details all the changes and how online testing at home will work. You need to go over this and be familiar with what exam day will look like, including you AP ID, how to upload your response, etc.

Review material resources--Remember that this test is only over units 1-3 and will consist of just 2 FRQ questions. (Concept Application and Argumentative Essay)

McGraw Hill is allowing their study guide, 5 Steps to a 5 free of charge due to the unique situation. To access their material please follow these directions:


2. Select "Redeem Access Code" and enter your voucher/access code (listed below)
3. Then you'll be prompted to sign up with your name and email address. Now you're all set to use the platform.
4. Access code--mhapgwph337


Also, use Khan Academy modules, videos, and quizzes.

The Test Explained
Foundational Documents Summaries
Supreme Court Cases Cheat Sheet
Required Court Case Cheat Sheet 
Quizlet Sets




Unit 3 Exam Review

This year's AP exam is only covering units 1-3. Today's post contains review material (study guides, slides, videos, etc) to help prepare for information on unit 3 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights. If you are taking the AP exam, I would begin by using the first study guide and filling out what you can on your own. Then watch the video and go through the slideshow to help fill in the gaps. Also, use our blog archive on the right hand side to revisit past relevant posts.


Study Guide Unit 3 #2 (this is a really good one--includes sample FRQ questions)



Unit 3 Sample FRQ Questions (remember only Concept Application and Argumentative this year)




Unit 3 Review Videos:


Sunday, May 3, 2020

AP Exam Review: Unit 2 Interactions among the Branches

Announcements:

AP Exam: Monday, May 11th @3:00pm

AP Exam 2020 Testing Guide: Details all the changes and how online testing at home will work. You need to go over this and be familiar with what exam day will look like, including you AP ID, how to upload your response, etc.

Review material resources--Remember that this test is only over units 1-3 and will consist of just 2 FRQ questions. (Concept Application and Argumentative Essay)

McGraw Hill is allowing their study guide, 5 Steps to a 5 free of charge due to the unique situation. To access their material please follow these directions:

2. Select "Redeem Access Code" and enter your voucher/access code (listed below)
3. Then you'll be prompted to sign up with your name and email address. Now you're all set to use the platform.
4. Access code--mhapgwph337


Also, use Khan Academy modules, videos, and quizzes.

The Test Explained
Foundational Documents Summaries
Supreme Court Cases Cheat Sheet
Required Court Case Cheat Sheet 
Quizlet Sets



Unit 2 Exam Review

This year's AP exam is only covering units 1-3. Today's post contains review material (study guides, slides, videos, etc) to help prepare for information on unit 2 Interactions among the Branches. If you are taking the AP exam, I would begin by using the first study guide and filling out what you can on your own. Then watch the video and go through the slideshow to help fill in the gaps. Also, use our blog archive on the right hand side to revisit past relevant posts.

Study Guide Unit 2


Study Guide Unit 2 #2 (this is a really good one--includes sample FRQ questions)



Unit 2 Review

Unit 2 Terms Review Sheet w/links to videos


Unit 2 Multiple Choice Questions

Unit 2 Sample FRQ Questions (remember only Concept Application and Argumentative this year)





Unit 2 Review Videos:



 

Thursday, April 30, 2020

AP Exam Review: Unit 1

Announcements:

AP Exam: Monday, May 11th @3:00pm

AP Exam 2020 Testing Guide: Details all the changes and how online testing at home will work. You need to go over this and be familiar with what exam day will look like, including you AP ID, how to upload your response, etc.

Review material resources--Remember that this test is only over units 1-3 and will consist of just 2 FRQ questions. (Concept Application and Argumentative Essay)

McGraw Hill is allowing their study guide, 5 Steps to a 5 free of charge due to the unique situation. To access their material please follow these directions:


2. Select "Redeem Access Code" and enter your voucher/access code (listed below)
3. Then you'll be prompted to sign up with your name and email address. Now you're all set to use the platform.
4. Access code--mhapgwph337


Also, use Khan Academy modules, videos, and quizzes.

The Test Explained
Foundational Documents Summaries
Supreme Court Cases Cheat Sheet
Required Court Case Cheat Sheet 
Quizlet Sets




Unit 1 Exam Review

This year's AP exam is only covering units 1-3. Today's post contains review material (study guides, slides, videos, etc) to help prepare for information on unit 1 Constitutional Foundations. If you are taking the AP exam, I would begin by using the first study guide and filling out what you can on your own. Then watch the video and go through the slideshow to help fill in the gaps. Also, use our blog archive on the right hand side to revisit past relevant posts.


Study Guide #2 (this is a really good one--includes sample FRQ questions)




Unit 1 Sample FRQ Questions (remember only Concept Application and Argumentative this year)




Unit 1 Review Videos:









Wednesday, April 29, 2020

AP Exam Review: Concept Application FRQ

Announcements:

AP Exam: Monday, May 11th @3:00pm

AP Exam 2020 Testing Guide: Details all the changes and how online testing at home will work. You need to go over this and be familiar with what exam day will look like, including you AP ID, how to upload your response, etc.

Review material resources--Remember that this test is only over units 1-3 and will consist of just 2 FRQ questions. (Concept Application and Argumentative Essay)

McGraw Hill is allowing their study guide, 5 Steps to a 5 free of charge due to the unique situation. To access their material please follow these directions:


2. Select "Redeem Access Code" and enter your voucher/access code (listed below)
3. Then you'll be prompted to sign up with your name and email address. Now you're all set to use the platform.
4. Access code--mhapgwph337


Also, use Khan Academy modules, videos, and quizzes.

The Test Explained
Foundational Documents Summaries
Supreme Court Cases Cheat Sheet
Required Court Case Cheat Sheet 
Quizlet Sets





The Concept Application FRQ
Today we are going to look at how to write an effective Concept Application FRQ and maximize your points on this question. You will have 15 minutes to answer the questions and 5 minutes to upload your response.

The Concept Application FRQ will provide you with a scenario and three prompts to answer. It is worth 3 points and will count this year as 40% of your overall score (the Argumentative Essay is 60%). Here is a general rubric, followed by a sample question and rubric.



Sample Question:

Rubric for Sample Question

This slide presentation also covers the Concept Application FRQ, but I would recommend watching the YouTube video with narration/explanation posted in the video section (2nd one).






Watch these videos to see how to best approach and answer the Concept Application FRQ. Remember, this test is only over Units 1-3, so focus on those units, specifically Unit 2 (Interactions among the Branches).






Just watch the first 7 minutes of the video below for the concept application FRQ.

Monday, April 27, 2020

Affirmative Action

Announcements:
In addition to reading today's post, please make sure you:
  1. Complete the Khan Academy modules on affirmative action.
  2. Watch the Crash Course Affirmative Action video on EdPuzzle


READING: 129-159 in Edwards

Today's Essential Question: How has the Supreme Court interpreted the Constitution in policy areas like affirmative action?

Learning Standards:
CON-6.A.2: The debate on affirmative action includes justices who insist that the Constitution is colorblind and those who maintain that it forbids only racial classifications designed to harm minorities, not help them.

Affirmative Action
Beginning in the 1960s, the government promoted the use of affirmative action as an way to promote and improve opportunities for disadvantaged and underrepresented minority groups, primarily in the workplace and education.

This Khan Academy video will help explain how affirmative action works and the constitutional debate over its role in promoting equality.





The first major case on affirmative action is University of California Regents v. Bakke (1978). Here's a Bill of Rights Institute video summarizing this case:





A more recent case is Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) that revisits the issue of affirmative action.




Let's take a look at several different perspectives on affirmative action in this article by The Atlantic. Read each of the seven opinions and decide which one you agree with the most.

Review Video:



Letter From Birmingham Jail

Announcements:

In addition to reading today's post, please make sure you:
  1. Read Letter from a Birmingham Jail and annotate. This is one of the foundational documents for the AP exam.
  2. Complete the Khan Academy modules on Letter from a Birmingham Jail.




READING: 129-159 in Edwards

Today's Essential Question: How did non-violent protests affect the civil rights movement?

Learning Standards:

PRD-1.A.2: The leadership and events associated with civil, women’s, and LGBTQ rights are evidence of how the equal protection clause can support and motivate social movements, as represented by:

  • Dr. Martin Luther King’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” and the civil rights movement of the 1960s 
  • The National Organization for Women and the women’s rights movement 
  • The pro-life (anti-abortion) movement

Letter from Birmingham Jail
One of the most notable documents of the 20th century is Dr. Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail, a response to criticisms from local clergymen

  • Read the initial letter (linked above) addressed to Dr. King. What is their concern/criticism? Do you think it is a valid criticism?
  • Read Letter from Birmingham Jail.  Make a copy for yourself and annotate as you read. Select three quotes that you think are most significant and highlight them. Also, be prepared to discuss the questions listed below:

1. Briefly, what is the argument of the "Statement by Alabama Clergymen"?
2. What reasons does King provide for his decision to support direct action or demonstrations against segregation in Alabama?
3. What are justice and injustice according to King?
4. What kinds of law does King speak about in this letter, and what is their applicability in terms of political life?
5. What kind of moderation is King criticizing, and what kind of extremism is he praising?
6. According to King, what is the role of the church and organized religion in contemporary society?
7. What did King mean when he wrote, "But now I must affirm that it is just as wrong, or perhaps even more so, to use moral means to preserve immoral ends"?
8. Is King's argument sound? Explain your answer.




Friday, April 24, 2020

AP Exam Review 4/24 (Argumentative Essay)

Announcements:

AP Exam: Monday, May 11th @3:00pm

Review material resources--Remember that this test is only over units 1-3 and will consist of just 2 FRQ questions. (Concept Application and Argumentative Essay)

McGraw Hill is allowing their study guide, 5 Steps to a 5 free of charge due to the unique situation. To access their material please follow these directions:

2. Select "Redeem Access Code" and enter your voucher/access code (listed below)
3. Then you'll be prompted to sign up with your name and email address. Now you're all set to use the platform.
4. Access code--mhapgwph337


Also, use Khan Academy modules, videos, and quizzes.

The Test Explained
Foundational Documents Summaries
Supreme Court Cases Cheat Sheet
Required Court Case Cheat Sheet 
Quizlet Sets





The Argumentative Essay FRQ
Today we are going to look at how to write an effective Argumentative FRQ and maximize your points on this question.

The rubric has slightly changed for the 2020 exam. Knowing how you will be scored on the essay is essential to writing an effective response. Take a few minutes and read through the revised FRQ4 rubrics released by the College Board.

You can also look at these teacher generated rubrics here and here. They may be easier to understand.

Use this template to structure your argumentative essay.


Here is a sample argumentative essay FRQ:


Here are a few videos that explain how to write the Argumentative Essay FRQ. The first two are specific for the 2020 exam. Watch these! We will begin practicing writing these questions next week.









Monday, April 20, 2020

Civil Rights and Legislation

Announcements:
In addition to reading today's post, please make sure you:
  1. Complete the Khan Academy modules on balancing majority and minority rights (video, article, 4 question self-check)


READING: 129-159 in Edwards


Today's Question: How has Congress impacted civil rights and the push for equality?

Learning Standards:

PMI-3.A: Explain how the government has responded to social movements.
PMI-3.A.1: The government can respond to social movements through court rulings and/or policies, as in:
  • Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which declared that race-based school segregation violates the Fourteenth Amendment’s equal protection clause 
  • The Civil Rights Act of 1964 
  • Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 
  • The Voting Rights Act of 1965

CON-6.A: Explain how the Supreme Court has at times allowed the restriction of the civil rights of minority groups and at other times has protected those rights.

CON-6.A.1: Decisions demonstrating that minority rights have been restricted at times and protected at other times include:
  • State laws and Supreme Court holdings restricting African American access to the same restaurants, hotels, schools, etc., as the majority white population based on the “separate but equal” doctrine 
  • Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which declared that race-based school segregation violates the Fourteenth Amendment’s equal protection clause 
  • The Supreme Court upholding the rights of the majority in cases that limit and prohibit majority-minority districting 

Civil Rights & Congress
In addition to finding remedy in the courts, civil rights legislation has also helped promote equality. Today, we will examine several of the more important acts and look at the impact they have had.

Perhaps the most significant piece of civil rights legislation passed by Congress is the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Read this CNN article on the 50th anniversary of the bill's passage.




Major Provisions of the 1964 Civil Rights Act:

1.Banned discrimination in places of public accommodation based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

2. Banned discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

3. Tied federal funding for public schools to compliance with Brown v. Board.

4. Created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to help investigate and file lawsuits based on discrimination.

5. Banned federal funds to any government assisted program that discriminates.


Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US, 1964: upholds Congress's ability to prohibit discrimination based on the interstate commerce clause.


As important and comprehensive as the 1964 Civil Rights Act was, it did not go far enough to protect voting rights for African Americans. This was remedied a year later with passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.

Major Provisions of the 1965 Voting Rights Act:
1. Prohibits any form of literacy tests.

2. Allows federal examiners (government officials) to help with voter registration and monitor elections

3. A "pre-clearance" from the Justice Department on any changes that might discriminate against voters (weakened in Shelby County v. Holder, 2013)


Was the 1965 Voting Rights Act successful?






In Shelby County v. Holder, the Supreme Court limited Section V of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.





What impact did the 1964 CRA and 1965 VRA have on political parties?

Do current proposals requiring photo identification for voting limit voting rights?


Other important pieces of legislation:

Title IX of the Educational Act of 1972: prohibits any form of sexual discrimination or sexual harassment in education; most common controversy involves athletics and gender equity

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990: modeled after the 1964 CRA, the ADA prohibits discrimination based on mental or physical disabilities and promotes equality of opportunity. Criticized as an unfunded mandate and a source of excessive litigation.

Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) of 1996: prohibits federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages performed at the state level; struck down in US v. Windsor, 2013.